Dian Yosi Arinawati

Departemen  Biologi  Mulut,  Program  Studi  Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas  Kedokteran  dan  Ilmu  Kesehatan

Aprilinda Widyawati

Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v19i2.34728

ABSTRACT 

Human saliva is a potential diagnostic fluid where most of changes in the body can be reflected in saliva and it considered a "mirror of the body". Currently, salivary biomarkers help in the detection of oral cancer, dental caries, periodontal disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Saliva like others body liquid in human body such as urine  and  blood  contain  tumour  derived  biomarkers  i.e  DNA,  asam  amino,  cells  and  vesicles  which  shed  via bloodstream   and   secreted   through   salivary   gland.   Salivary   diagnostic   is   a   growing   dynamic   field   utilizing nanotechnology and molecular diagnostics to aid in the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases.The purpose of this review  is  to  determine  saliva  as  a  diagnostic  medium  through  various  its  biomarkers  to  detect  malignancies  in  the body. The use of saliva as a medium for molecular diagnosis has the advantage of being sensitive, specific, can be used  as  a  screening  medium  in  diagnosing  and  staging,  therefore  usefull  for  early  detection  of  malignancy,  for example  Oral  Squamous  Cell  Carcinoma  can  be  seen  in  three  levels,  changes  in  cellular  DNA,  altered  mRNA transcripts, altered protein levels (intracellular or extracellular). It can also detect other cancers such as Salivary Gland Cancer,  and  even  in  parts  of  the  body  far  from  the oral  cavity  such  as  Lung  Cancer,  Pancreatic  Cancer,  Breast Cancer. It can be concluded that saliva can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic medium to detect various oral and systemic malignancies