Prevalensi Torus Palatinus Dan Torus Mandibula Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
(Prevalence of Palatine Torus and Mandibular Torus among Dental Students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)
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Dwi Suhartiningtyas
Biomedis, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Puspitarini Nindya Wardana
Ortodonsi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Ika Sukma Wulandari
Ortodonsi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Afra Diva Murbarani Susilo
Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v23i1.60009
ABSTRACT
Palatine torus (PT) and mandibular torus (MT) are normal anatomical variations characterized by exophytic bony growths on the hard palate and mandibular lingual cortex. Although non-pathological and generally asymptomatic, tori are often misinterpreted as dangerous lesions. Their prevalence varies across populations and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and functional factors. To determine the prevalence, morphological characteristics, and anatomical distribution of PT and MT among dental students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design involved 368 dental students from the 2015–2018 cohorts. Intraoral examinations were conducted to identify the presence of PT and MT, which were then categorized based on sex, torus morphology, and anatomical placement. Data were analyzed descriptively. The overall prevalence of torus was 56,52% (208/368). Palatine torus was identified in 83,17% (173) of students, MT in 6,73% (14), and combined PT–MT in 10,10% (21). Female students exhibited a higher prevalence 91,35% (190) compared to males 8,65% (18). The most common PT morphology was lobular (38,73%), followed by flat 28,32% (49), spindle 15,61% (27), and nodular types 17,34% (30). Mandibular torus was predominantly bilateral 77,14% (27), whereas unilateral presentation accounted for 22,86% (8). The prevalence of torus among dental students at UMY is relatively high, with PT being the most frequent type. Lobular morphology is the most common PT variant, and MT predominantly appears bilaterally. These findings emphasize the importance of recognizing normal anatomical variations in the oral cavity to avoid misdiagnosis and improve clinical decision-making.
Keywords: Anatomical variation, Dental students, Mandibular torus, Palatine torus, Prevalence.
Published
30-03-2026
Issue
Vol. 23 No. 1 2026: Jurnal Stomatognatic
Pages
85-89
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Stomatognatic
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